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The $1 Trillion Agent Factory: How Generative AI Is Printing Power (Not Just Productivity) – Navigating the Future With Generative AI, Part 5

1. Why AI Agents Are the New Currency of Power

What if your company, or your entire nation, possessed the ability to print productivity by harnessing intelligence at scale?

This concept gained concrete form with the announcement of an unimaginable $500 billion investment in artificial intelligence infrastructure, which excludes the additional €331 billion independently committed by industry titans like Meta, Microsoft, Amazon, xAI, and Apple. This agreement, spearheaded by President Trump, involves a partnership between the CEOs of OpenAI (Sam Altman), SoftBank (Masayoshi Son), and Oracle (Larry Ellison). Their joint venture, named “Stargate”, aims to build “the physical and virtual infrastructure to power the next generation of advancements in AI,” creating “colossal data centers” across the United States, promising to yield over 100,000 jobs.

France and Europe, not to be outdone, responded swiftly. At the AI Action Summit in Paris in February 2025, French President Emmanuel Macron announced a commitment of €109 billion in AI projects for France alone, highlighting a significant moment for European AI ambition. This was followed by European Commission President Ursula Von Der Leyen’s launch of InvestAI, an initiative to mobilize a staggering €200 billion for investment in AI across Europe, including a specific €20 billion fund for “AI gigafactories.” These massive investments, on both sides of the Atlantic, show a clear objective. The highest level of commitment reflects understanding. This fact translates into one reality: being a civilization left behind is simply out of the question.

But the stakes in this global AI game are constantly rising. If the US and Europe thought they were holding strong hands, China, arguably the most mature AI nation, has just raised the pot. China is setting up a national venture capital guidance fund of 1 trillion yuan (approximately €126.7 billion), as announced by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) on March 6, 2025. This fund aims to nurture strategic emerging industries and futuristic technologies, a clear signal that China intends to further solidify its position in the AI race, focusing among others, on boosting its chip industry.

The implicit “call” to the other players is clear: Are you in, or are you out?

Therefore, my first question isn’t issued from a sci-fi movie; it’s not some fantastical tale ripped from the green and black screen of The Matrix, where programs possessed purpose, life, and a face.

This is about proactively avoiding the Kodak moment within our respective industries.

This is about your nation avoiding the declining slope of Ray Dalio’s Big Cycle, where clinging to outdated models in the face of transformative technology is a path toward obsolescence.

raydalio the big cycle

This is the endgame: AI Agents are not just changing today—they are architecting the future of nations.

2. Architecting Sovereignty: How Nations Are Industrializing Intelligence

In November 2024, I had the privilege of delivering a second course on Digital Sovereignty, focused on Artificial Intelligence, at the University of Luxembourg, thanks to Roger Tafotie. I emphasized that the current shift toward advanced AI, especially Generative AI, represents a paradigm shift unlike before. Why? Because, for the first time in history, humanity has gained access to the near-infinite scalability of human-level intelligence. Coupled with the rapid advancements in robotics, this same scalability is now within reach for physical jobs.

05 Architecture of Digital Sovereignty

Digital Sovereignty in the age of AI is a battle for access to the industrialization of productivity. Consider the architecture of AI Digital Sovereignty as a scaffolding built of core capabilities, much like interconnected pillars supporting a grand structure:

  • Cloud Computing: The foundational infrastructure, the bedrock upon which all AI operations rest.
  • AI Foundation Model Training: This is where the raw intelligence is refined, like a rigorous academy shaping the minds of future digital workers.
  • Talent Pools: The irreplaceable human capital, the architects, engineers, data scientists, and strategists who drive innovation. These are the skilled individuals, the master craftspeople, forging the tools and directing the symphony of progress.
  • Chip Manufacturing: The ability to produce advanced CPU, GPU, and specially designed AI chips, like TPU and LPU, guarantees independence.
  • Systems of Funding and Investments: The ability to finance a long-term, consistent, and high-level commitment toward AI capabilities.

If you need a tangible example of how critical resources like rare earth metals and cheap energy are to this race, look no further than President Donald Trump’s negotiations with Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The proposed deal? $500 billion in profits, centered on Ukraine’s rare earth metals and energy reserves. Let’s not forget: 70% of U.S. rare earth imports currently come from China. Control over these resources is the lifeblood of AI infrastructure.

It’s not merely about isolated components but how these elements interconnect and reinforce each other. This interconnectedness is not accidental; it’s the key to true sovereignty – the ability to use AI and control its creation, deployment, and evolution. It’s about building a self-sustaining ecosystem, a virtuous cycle where each element strengthens the others.

Europe initially lagged, but the competition has only just begun. The geopolitical landscape will be a major, unmastered factor.

The current market “game” consists of finding the critical mass between the hundreds of billions invested in R&D, the availability of “synthetic intelligence”, and unlocking a new era of sustainable growth. The race to discover the philosophical stone—to transform matter (transistors and electricity) into gold (mind)— and to achieve AGI and then ASI is on.

Sam Altman knows it; his strategy is “Usain Bolt” speed: the competition cannot keep up if you move at a very fast pace with AI product innovation. Larry Page and Elon Musk intuitively grasped this first. OpenAI was not only created to bring “open artificial intelligence” to each and every human, but also serves as a deliberate counterweight to Google DeepMind. Now, Sundar Pichai feels the urgency to regain leadership in this space, particularly now that Google Search—the golden goose — is threatened by emerging “Deep Search” challengers such as Perplexity, ChatGPT, and Grok.

As of March 2025, HuggingFace, the premier open-source AI model repository, has more than 194,001 text generation models (+24.1% since November 2024) within a total of 1,494,540 AI models (+56.8 % since November 2024). Even though these numbers include different versions of the same base models, think of them as distinct blocks of intelligence. We are already in an era of abundance. Anyone possessing the necessary skills and computational resources can now build intelligent systems from these models. In short, the raw materials for a revolution are available today.

The stage is set: The convergence of human-level intelligence scalability and robotics marks a profound moment in technological history, paving the way for a new era of productivity.

3. The Revolution of the Agentic Enterprise

In October 2024, during the Atlassian Worldwide conference Team 24 in Barcelona, I had the privilege of seeing their integrated “System of Work” firsthand.

Arsène Wenger, former Football Manager of Arsenal FC and current FIFA’s Chief of Global Football development, was invited to share his life experiences in a fireside chat. It was a true blessing from an ultimate expert in team building and the power of consistency.

Arsene Wenger

Mr. Wenger articulated that the conditions and framework for achieving champion-level performances rely on a progressive and incremental journey. While talent can confer a slight edge, that edge remains marginal in the realm of performance. The key differentiator resides in consistent effort, with a resolute commitment to surpassing established thresholds. Regularly implementing extra work and consistently reaching your capacity is what separates a champion from the rest.

Thus, Atlassian pushed their boundaries, unveiling Rovo AI, an agentic platform native to their environment. Rovo is positioned at the core of the “System of Work,” bridging knowledge management with Confluence and workflow mastery with Jira. To my surprise, Atlassian announced they have 500 active Agents! This is a real-world example of printing productivity by deploying purpose-driven digital workers to the existing platform.

But the true brilliance lies in making this digital factory available to their customers. This type of technology should be on every CEO and CIO’s roadmap. How you integrate this capability into your business and technology strategy is the only variable – the fundamental need for it is not.

The Agentic Enterprise is the cornerstone of this change: creating autonomous computer programs (agents) that can handle tasks with a broad range of language-based intelligence.

We’ve transitioned from task-focused programming to goal-driven prompted actions. Programming still has a role to play as it guarantees perfect execution, but the cognitive capabilities of large language reasoning models like GPT O3 and Deepseek R1 lift all its limitations. Moreover, in IT, development is now about generated code. While engineering itself does not necessarily become easier – you still need to care about the algorithm, the data structure, and the sequence of your tasks – the programming part of the process is drastically simplified.

After years of prompt engineering since the GPT3 beta release at the end of 2020, I concluded that prompt engineering is not a job per se but a critical skill.

The Agentic Enterprise is not a distant dream but a present reality, fundamentally changing how organizations construct and scale their work.

4. Klarna’s AI-Powered Customer Service Revolution: How AI Assumes 2/3 of the Workload

In February 2024, the Swedish fintech Klarna announced that their AI contact center agent was handling two-thirds of their customer service chats, performing the equivalent work of 700 full-time human agents. It operates across 23 markets, speaks 35 languages, and provides 24/7 availability.

With full speech and listening capabilities now available in models like Gemini 2 Realtime Multimodal Live API, OpenAI Realtime API, or VAPI, the automation opportunities are virtually limitless.

What made this rapid advancement possible, suddenly?

Technically, the emergence of multimodality in AI models, robust APIs, and the decisive capability of Function Calling form the foundation. But more importantly, this transformation is primarily a business vision; it lies in adopting transformative technology as the main driving power, and using innovation as your key distinguishing factor, just as with Google and OpenAI. When this approach acts as the central nervous system in business strategy, then, the adoption is not perceived as a fundamental disruption but, rather, a gradual and consistent reinforcement.

The crucial capability here is Function Calling, which allows AI models to tap into skills and data beyond their inherent capabilities. Think of getting the current time or converting a price from Euros to Swiss Francs using a live exchange rate – things the model can’t do on its own. In a nutshell, Function Calling lets the AI interact directly with APIs. It’s like giving the AI a set of specialized tools or instantly teaching it new skills.

APIs are the foundation for the intelligence relevance of AI Agents and their ability to use existing and new features based on user intent. In contrast to prior generations of chatbots, which needed explicit intent definitions for each conversation flow, LLMs now provide the intelligence and the knowledge “out of the box.”. To further understand the fundamental importance of APIs for any modern business, I invite you to read my article or listen to my podcast episode titled “Why APIs are fundamental to your business“.

This has led to the rise of startups like Bland.ai that offer products like Call Agent as a service. You can programmatically automate an agent to respond over the phone, even customizing its voice and conversation style – effectively creating your own C3PO.

ElevenLabs, the AI voice company that I use for my podcast, has also launched a digital factory for voice-enabled agents.

Then, December 18 2024, OpenAI introduced Parloa, a dedicated Call Center Agent Factory. This platform represents the first of its kind, specializing in digital workers for a specific industry vertical.

Parloa

The promise? To transform every call center officer into an AI Agent Team Leader. As a “Chief of AI Staff”, your objective will be to manage your agents efficiently, handling the flow of demands, intervening only when necessary, and reserving human-to-human interactions for exceptional client experiences or complex issues.

The revolution in customer service is already here, driven by new AI-based call center solutions. This is a sneak peek of the AI-driven future.

5. The Building Blocks: AI Development Platforms

To establish a clear vision for an AI strategy and augment my CTO practice, I meticulously tested several AI technologies. My goal is to validate the technological maturity empirically, assert the productivity gains, and, more importantly, define the optimal AI Engineering stack and workflow. These findings have been documented within my AI Strategy Map, a dynamic instrument of vision. As a result, my day-to-day habits have completely changed and reflect my emergence as a full-time “AI native”. My engineering practice is reborn in the “Age of Augmentation“.

I changed my stack to Cursor for IT development, V0.dev for design prototyping, and ChatGPT o3 for brainstorming and review. The results achieved so far are highly enlightening and transformational.

Thus, engineering teams’ next quantum leap is represented by the arrival of Agentic IDEs, facilitating an agent-assisted development experience. The developer can seamlessly install the IDE, create or import a project, input a prompt describing a feature, and observe a series of iterative loops leading to the complete implementation of the task. The feature implementation is successful in 75% of cases. In the remaining 25%, the developer issues a corrective prompt to secure 100% implementation, indicating a need to supervise such technology when used as an independent digital worker.

Leading today’s innovative Agentic IDE market are:

Then, the landscape of mature AI frameworks gives companies a great array of enterprise-ready solutions. Automated agent technologies, specifically, have emerged as critical tools:

Finally, DEVaaS platforms are completely redefining the approach to IT delivery :

These technologies allow you to build applications from the ground up that are fully operational right from the start, without any additional setup time. Yet, it is not only about developing an application from scratch and then gradually adding features by using prompts as your instruction; it’s also about application hosting. These solutions now offer a complete DevOps and Fullstack experience.

Although they currently yield simple to moderately complex applications, and may not be entirely mature, the technologies are demonstrably improving at rapid paces. It is only a matter of weeks (not months) before seeing full system decomposition and interconnectedness that reaches corporate standards.
This is exactly what the corporate environment has been waiting for.

How will this impact the IT organization? It comes down to these three outcomes:

First, for companies where the IT organization is a strategic differentiator, the internal IT workforce will increase productivity by delegating development tasks directly to internal AI Agents. Sovereign infrastructure is most likely required in heavily regulated or secretive industries.

Second, companies where IT is a primary activity, but not a core organizational driver can outsource the IT development to specialized companies who also make use of Agentic development IDEs or platforms.

Finally, an option for outsourcing includes the reconfiguration of jobs and empowering base knowledge workers – individuals with no official IT background – to IT positions through AI training. This would be the full return of the Citizen Developer vision, previously promised by Low Code/ No Code trends.

Innovation within the AI domain occurs several times per day, thus requiring a proactive mindset to remain updated technically which leads into actionable technology perspectives.

6. The Power of Uni-Teams: The Daily Collaboration Between Man and Machine

What does it feel like to lead your own AI team?

From experience, it make you feels like Jarod, from the TV show “The Pretender“, a true one-man band capable of handling multiple roles.

Think of it this way, you are now capable of:

  • Writing code like a developer
  • Creating comprehensive documentation like a technical writer
  • Offering intricate explanations like an analyst
  • Establishing policy frameworks like a compliance officer
  • Originating engaging content like a content writerData storytelling like a data analyst
  • Data storytelling like a data analyst
  • Building stunning presentations like a graphic designer

From my experience, reaching mastery in any discipline often reveals an observable truth within the corporate world: a significant portion of our tasks are inherently repetitive. The added value is not in running through the same scaffolding process many, many times, if you are no longer learning (except perhaps to reinforce previous knowledge). The real value is in the outcome. If I can speed up the process to focus on learning new domain knowledge, multiplying experiences, and spending time with my human colleagues, it is a win-win.

My “Relax Publication Style“, an guided practice for anyone starting in content creation, has evolved into a more productive and enjoyable method – combining iterative feedback cycles from human/AI, to leverage strategic insights via structured ideas, ongoing AI-reviews, personal updates and enriched content using human-curation combined with in-depth AI search tools. I will explore this process in a future article.

One of the most surprising shifts in my workflow has been the emergence of “background processing” orchestrated by the AI Agent itself. It’s a newfound ability to reclaim fragments of time, little pockets of productivity that were previously lost. It unfolds something like this:

  1. The Prompt: I issue a clear directive, the starting point for the AI’s work.
  2. The Delegation: I offload the task to the AI, entrusting it to this silent, tireless digital worker.
  3. The Productivity Surge: I’m suddenly free. My capacity is expanded, almost as my productivity is nearly doubled. I can tackle other projects, collaborate with another AI agent, or even (and I’m completely serious) indulge in a bit of gaming.
  4. The Harvest: I gather the results, reaping the rewards of the AI’s efforts. Sometimes, it’s spot-on; other times, a refining prompt is needed.

In my opinion, this is a deep redefinition of “teamwork.” It’s no longer just about human collaboration; it’s about orchestrating a symphony of human and artificial intelligence. This is the definition of “Ubiquity.” I work anytime and truly anywhere – during my commute, in a waiting room, even while strolling through the park (thanks to the marvel of voice-to-text). It’s a constant state of potential productivity, a blurring of the lines between work and, well… everything else.

The next stage begins with gaining awareness and using AI. From there, it progresses to actively building your AI teams. The goals of a collaboration with agents, for instance, for a product designer or a system architect, would be to actually create an AI team so that a human product designer becomes, in fact, the team leader of their AI agents. Let’s see how and why.

The rise of AI teammates promises greater productivity and a fundamental shift in the way we approach problem-solving and work.

ai uni team

7. Evolving as a Knowledge Worker in the Age of AI

How can a worker adapt to the capabilities expansion of printing productivity?

It starts by understanding the current capabilities of AI; exploring them through training or by testing systems, and see how they can be applied in your own workflow. Specifically, with your existing tasks, determine which ones can be delegated to AI. Even though, at the moment, it’s more about a human prompting and the AI executing a small, specific task. Progressively, these tasks will be chained, increasing the complexity to the level of higher hierarchical tasks. This integration of increasingly complex tasks constitutes the purpose of agents – to have a certain set of skills handled by AI.

For functional roles such as product designers or business analysts, there is an opportunity to transition toward a product focus, to understanding customer journeys, psychology, behaviors, needs, and emotions. This can result in an experience (UX) driven approach, where the satisfaction of fulfilling needs and solving problems is paramount while leveraging data insights to enhance the customer’s experience.

Indeed, this technology is already showcasing its potential to bring us together. Within my organization, my colleagues are openly sharing a feeling of relief at how Generative AI empowers them by significantly reducing the workload of some specifically tedious tasks from days to mere minutes. But it is not all about saving time: the key progress that made me really moved, is that now, freed from a few tedious operations, they have now the capacity to explore their current struggles, identify past pain points, and articulate new business requirements. Additionally, it is the “thank you”, that directly acknowledges my teams’ efforts in bringing this new means to reclaim precious time and comfort. What is even far more compelling, and very inspirational from my point of view, is this ability to formulate and then resolve this new set of challenges using the capabilities of this recent AI ecosystem. Witnessing this emerging transformation gives me tangible joy and concrete hope for our collaborative future.

So, the key observation is that it’s up to early adopters and leaders to drive this change. They need to build a culture where people aren’t afraid to reimagine their jobs around AI, to learn how to use these tools effectively, and to keep learning as the technology evolves. The time to strategize how AI reshapes internal processes to master inevitable industry restructuration has arrived while simultaneously positioning your organization as a demonstrative leader for others to follow. To build that next-generation workforce, you need tools and specific actionables strategies; what are the core components to your next plan?

Ultimately, this era of augmentation is a strategic opportunity – one that requires everyone involved, including users and top executives, to actively foster continuous understanding, ongoing discovery, and strategic adaptation, thus contributing at multiple levels to building high-performing teams.

Disrupt Yourself, Now.

8. The Digital Worker Factory: A Practical Example in Banking

Let’s consider a practical example. Imagine delivering a project to create an innovative online platform that sells a new class of dynamic loans—loans with rates that vary based on market conditions and the borrower’s repayment capacity. This platform would be fully online, SaaS-based, and built as a marketplace where individuals can lend and borrow, with a bank acting as a guarantor. That is the start of our story. Now it’s about delivering this product.

What if you only needed a Loan Product Manager, a System Architect, and a team of agents to bring this digital platform to life?

Here’s how the workflow looks.

  1. As the product manager, you specify the feature set and map the customer journey from the borrower’s perspective. You define the various personas – a lender, a borrower, a bank, and even a regulator.
  2. The system architect then set up the technical specifications for the IT applications and LLMs, covering deployment to the cloud, integrations such as APIs, data streams, and more.
  3. You initiate the iterative loop by defining a feature. The AI Agent then plans and generates the code, after which you test the feature. Based on your feedback, the Agent troubleshoots and corrects the program accordingly. This loop continues iteratively until the platform fully takes shape. In this workflow, the product isn’t merely coded—it’s molded. The prompt itself becomes the new code.
agentic team

With a clear vision and the right framework, the path to production is not as complicated as it once was.

The Loan Expert Augmented: AI in Action

Consider the Loan Product Manager. They use AI to simulate loan profitability, examining various customer types and market variations. But, as importantly, they use AI to refine pitches, sales materials, and regulatory documentation. This results in streamlining compliance and ensures alignment with the existing framework.

Generative AI is also used to revise internal and external processes. The templates for product sheets are optimized and iteratively improved. Marketing materials, such as a webpage explaining the product, equally take advantage of Artificial Intelligence to reach the best clarity and impact.

Finally, personalized communication with a customer per specific client also relies upon Generative AI automation and data contextualization. If a customer needs a loan for a car or other tangible asset, the communication is perfectly tailored to the specific context.

This is personal banking at scale.

The focus is on the active role workers play in orchestrating, managing, and continuously evolving the AI systems they rely on in their daily work.

Hence, we’re effectively printing productivity now – a rare paradigm shift. Every professional needs to be proactive to seize this opportunity, not just react to it. Start by exploring AI tools relevant to your field, experiment with their capabilities, and consider how they can be integrated into your daily workflows. Whether you are a software engineer, product designer, or loan expert, the time to adapt is now.

Bear with me: the way you’ve operated up to this point—with data entry in applications, scrupulously following procedures, and writing lengthy reports in document processing software— is now directly challenged by individuals adopting the “automatician” mindset, evolving their skills from basic Excel macros into sophisticated, full-fledged applications. But remember: The future is not something you passively face. This world is your design, using available new technologies along with your pragmatic actions

9. Integrating AI Engineering in your System of Delivery, The Two Paths Forward: New vs Existing Systems

Now that Generative AI has entered your work and that you are integrating all the different aspects of the digital workers – either through pilot projects or all other internal activities – this awareness converges towards one strategic decision.

This decisive decision leads to two clear paths: either build a completely new application and workflow designed from the ground up around AI-augmented technologies or modernize existing complex systems to align with current AI-powered delivery.

Your choice needs solid considerations, even though both outcomes must lean toward a similar goal: a fully modern and flexible digital workforce, printed from your Enterprise Agent Factory. Thus, ensure you keep a strategic direction of impact toward a significantly better system.

Path 1, Building from Scratch: The AI Native Approach

The first and straightforward path involves building completely new systems. Here, the software specifications are essentially the prompts within a prompt flow. Think of this prompt flow as the blueprint for the code, all directly created within an Agentic IT delivery stack. The advantage of this approach is that the entire system is designed from the ground up to work seamlessly with AI agents. It’s like building a house from scratch with an AAA energy pass and all the home automation technologies included.

The prerequisite of this stage is to constitute a core team of pioneers that went successfully into production with at least one product used by internal or external clients. In the process, they successfully earned their battle scars, gained experience, selected their foundation technologies, established architectural patterns, and built a list of dos and don’ts, which ultimately will turn into AI Engineering guidelines and best practices.

Next – and this decisive break from the old system is non-negotiable – this group must devise a brand new method of work: building its strategic and actionable steps in all operational components that allow AI to be present from day one and without the limitation of legacy infrastructure that no longer fits. Because all this experience now results in a unique point of reference, a key ”baseline” from that point you can start designing a process to enable the full transformation from the current to future operations.”

Path 2, Evolving From Within: Growing AI Integration in the Existing Enterprise Application Landscape

The second path involves evolving existing systems. This is a more intricate process as it requires navigating the complexities of the current infrastructure. Engineers accustomed to the predictability and consistency of traditional coding methods now need to adapt to the probabilistic nature of AI-driven processes. They must deal with the fact that AI outputs, while powerful, can not always be exactly the same.

Initially, this can be unsettling because it disrupts your established practices, but with tools such as Cursor or GitHub Copilot, you can quickly become accustomed to this new approach.

This shift requires that software engineers move from the specific syntax of languages like Python or TypeScript to communicate in everyday language with the AI, bringing skills that were previously specific to them into the reach of other knowledge workers. Furthermore, it is not easy to introduce powerful LLMs in a piece of software that has an established code structure, architecture, and history. It’s like renovating an old house – you are forced to work with existing structures while introducing AI elements. This requires a deep understanding of the current code and the implications of architectural choices, such as why you would use Event Streaming instead of Synchronous Communication or a Neo4J (graph database) instead of PostgreSQL (relational database) for a specific task.

Accessing and integrating with legacy systems adds another layer of friction because the code is outdated or uses a proprietary language. While AI facilitates code and data migration, the increased efficiency of AI-native platforms often makes rewriting applications from scratch the most optimal strategy.

In summary, creating AI-native applications from scratch is easier, with an incredible speed of development, but it implies a bold decision. Transitioning an existing application is more difficult, as it has inherent architectural, data, or technological constraints, but it is the most accessible path for many companies.

The increasing power of LLMs to handle ubiquitous tasks that were previously exclusively human tasks implies a compression of tasks and skills within an AI. This shift moves some work regarding coordination, data management, and explanatory work from humans to machines. For human professionals, this will result in the reduction of these types of tasks, freeing them to focus on higher-level tasks.

The duality of paths ahead is a call for a pragmatic approach to transition; it’s about moving forward without disrupting too much of the familiar workplace.

10. The Metamorphosis: From Data Factories to Digital Workforce Factories

[Picture: A symbolic image representing a butterfly emerging from a chrysalis]

Today, we are gradually fully exploiting the potential of Generative AI, with text being the medium to translate, think, plan, and create. These capabilities are expanding to media of all kinds – audio, music, 3D models, and video. Consider what Kling AI, RunwayML, Hailuo, and OpenAI Sora are capable of; it is just the beginning and building blocks of what is possible.

These capabilities, originally for individual tasks, are now transforming entire industries – architecture, finance, health care, construction, and even space exploration, to name just a few.

If you can automate aspects of your life, you can automate parts of your work. You can now dictate entire workflows, methods, and habits. You can delegate. What’s the next stage?

So far, we have created automatons, programs designed to execute predefined tasks to fulfill a part of a value chain. These are digital factories comparable to factories in the physical world that have built computers, cars, and robots. And now, if you combine factories and robotics with software AI, the result is the ultimate idea: the digital worker.

The key is that it is no longer just about using or building existing programs but more about building specific agents. These agents represent specialized versions of the human worker and include roles such as software engineers, content creators, industrial designers, customer service providers, and sales managers. Digital workers have no limits in scaling their actions to multiple clients and languages at the same time.

The new paradigm consists of creating a new workforce. We used to construct data factories with IT systems, and now, with Generative AI, we are building Digital Workforce Factories. A Foundation Model is the digital worker’s brain. Prompts are defining their job function within the enterprise. API and Streams are their nervous system and limbs to act upon the real world and use existing code from legacy systems.

The extensive time once required to cultivate skilled human expertise—spanning roughly eighteen years in formal education, followed by years of specialization, and reinforced through real, tangible work applications— is now radically compressed due to the capacity of LLM technology. By which, as I detailed previously in “Navigating the Future with Generative AI: Part 1, Digital Augmentation“, it all highlights our mastery in having compressed centuries of structured knowledge: from methodical research, systematic problem-solving frameworks, and many and countless cycles of innovation process from implementation best practices. Still, key expertise now resides in both the method and application. New competencies should prioritize AI foundational model mastery, the value of highly skilled fine-tuning methods for specific domain applications, and how to leverage creative prompts to build a tangible output from such systems even with unexpected new scenarios.

It is paramount to fully grasp that what we experience now with AI transformation is more than just a set of groundbreaking techniques. It reveals a new structure—for better and for worse—impacting both knowledge workers assisted by AI agents and manual workers augmented by robotics. But remember, ‘and’ is more powerful than ‘or’: it is precisely the combination and convergence of these roles — human and digital working together — that creates true scalability and transformative potential.

The real path forward isn’t merely augmentation—it’s about fostering a genuinely hybrid model, emerging naturally from a chrysalis stage into a mature form. This new human capability is seamlessly amplified by digital extensions and built upon robust foundations, meticulously refined over time. Moreover, humans are destined to master Contextual Computing, where intuitive interactions with a smart environment—through voice, gesture, and even beyond—become second nature. This isn’t about replacing humans; it’s about elevating them to orchestrate a richer, more integrated digital reality.

Perhaps artificial intelligence is the philosopher’s stone—the alchemist’s ultimate ambition—transmuting the lead of raw data into the gold of actionable intelligence, shaping our environment, one prompt at a time.

Dear fearless Doers, the future is yours.


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web architecture Artificial Intelligence Automation Autonomous Agents Information Technology Services Technology User Experience UX

Navigating the Future with Generative AI: Part 3, Building the AInternet – AI, Web, and Customer Experience

A Revealing Experience

Allow me to share a personal experience that perfectly illustrates the challenges I will discuss. I was involved in a car accident where a vehicle coming from the opposite direction severely damaged the right side of my car. Following the procedure, I filed an accident report with the other party, although I found myself unable to provide my insurance number simply because I didn’t have it readily available at that moment.

In the meantime, I went to my regular dealership so that an appraisal could be carried out and the next steps for repair could be determined. I then contacted my leasing company, and one of their agents agreed with me and the dealer that I would drop off the vehicle within two weeks. A replacement vehicle would be provided, and the full repair would take one to two weeks.

However, due to my lack of foresight, I did not deem it necessary to contact them again initially. A few days later, I received a letter from them informing me of the accident – which was correct – but also stating that I had not submitted the accident report and that without it, their insurance reserved the right not to cover the damages. In fact, I had sent this document a week earlier, but to the wrong email address. Out of habit, I had used their general contact details, avoiding contacting the agent in charge of my leasing file – who had recently retired. As a precaution, I had even added the generic address, but clearly without success since the insurance department had not received it.

I then called them back urgently to obtain clarification. They confirmed that the accident report was missing, and the agent, with great understanding which I acknowledge, told me that I had to send it to another specific address because the insurance department had not been notified by their colleagues in charge of customer relations. Moreover, the latter was not authorized to provide me with a replacement vehicle until the repair shop had received their approval – even though it was the approved dealership where I had been carrying out all maintenance operations for years.

This kind employee then offered, as an exception, to handle my entire case without further difficulty since the drop-off of my vehicle was imminent, just a few days away. She knew also that my leasing contract was expiring and that I would have to return the vehicle in two weeks to obtain a new one.

While this situation caused me a little stress, it was only temporary. An hour later, the agent contacted me again to confirm that everything was settled: I could bring my vehicle the following Monday and a replacement vehicle would be provided for the duration of the repairs.

Lessons from This Experience

You may be wondering why I am sharing this story with you.

First of all, I was unaware of the procedures governing the reporting of an incident in the context of a leasing contract. Should I first contact my company, directly the historical leasing company, or the new one? When I called them, why didn’t I reach the dedicated claims and insurance department directly? Why didn’t I find any information about this on their website? Why, when everything seemed clear to me – that I would drop off my vehicle within two weeks, that a replacement vehicle would be waiting for me, and that the repairs would be handled smoothly – did things unfold differently due to a lack of following the proper procedure?

Beyond that, how can a single service company exhibit such a lack of communication between two complementary departments?

The Revolution of the “AInternet”


We are entering a new era where artificial intelligence will be at the heart of exchanges between human beings. Where everyone previously had to search for information themselves on the Internet, navigating from site to site and compiling data to find a company’s contact details, the instructions for a recipe, the contacts of a repairman, or browse the Yellow Pages, the new paradigm will rely on exchanges between humans, intermediated or not by an artificial intelligence capable of performing synchronous or asynchronous tasks, i.e. in the background, to provide immediate knowledge to the user rather than forcing them to seek it out.

And to return to my use case, the AInternet brings a revolutionized customer experience that unfolds as follows:

When I am involved in an incident, I ask my personal AI assistant to help me fill out the accident report digitally. I do not have to provide all the information since my assistant has a global context encompassing data related to my vehicle, its insurance, my contract, my identity card, my passport, my postal and telephone contact details, my insurer, the maintenance status of my car, its technical inspection certification, etc. All this information allows for automatic and complete filling of this type of interaction.

Next, I only need to ask my assistant to contact the assistants of my leasing company and my insurance company, to ensure that the report I have validated and electronically signed is transmitted and processed by these two parties.

The assistant of the leasing company then informs the agent that a replacement vehicle is required and that an approved garage must be contacted to book an appointment for the repairs. It also determines whether my car should be taken directly to the dealership in charge of its regular maintenance. The relevant agent then handles my vehicle accordingly.

The agent only has to ask their assistant for the contact details of my garage to reach out directly.

From there, a genuinely empathic human relationship is established as we build a frictionless mutual understanding of the situation. Following the garage’s preliminary appraisal report, the leasing agent and the garage are prepared to agree on an appointment date, which is then recorded in the various systems.

The garage proceeds in an automated manner with the reservations and orders for the spare parts necessary for the repairs.

Simultaneously, the leasing company manages with the insurance company all the steps required to allow for the vehicle reparation and the provision of a replacement vehicle during the downtime.

Finally, the agent contacts me personally, by phone or message on a platform such as WhatsApp, to confirm everything is in order:

The incident has been properly recorded and the insurance company will cover all costs. An appointment has been set with my garage. A replacement vehicle will be provided during this period. An estimated date for returning the repaired vehicle has been communicated. They wish me an excellent day with a smile, since their assistant and mine have handled the entire procedure seamlessly. This augmented interaction allows us to reach new heights of fluidity and ubiquity in exchanges.

I am optimistic, indeed. Why wouldn’t I be? The transformation is already in motion.

The Internet will no longer be confined to a vast catalog of information to consult, such as books, encyclopedias, or applications, where interactions must be initiated and orchestrated by us, humans. But the orchestration between an individual and an organization, between two individuals, or between an organization and a computer system, will be performed like a symphony by intelligent agents, artificial intelligences.

This demonstrates an evolution of the World Wide Web architecture, which will constitute a veritable system of systems composed of human beings, applications, automata, and artificial agents.

The challenge from now on to enable this progression towards the era of digital augmentation will be to build artificial intelligence at the heart of human interactions. It is a matter of UX innovation.

It will no longer be a question of programming these interactions in advance by limiting the possibilities, but rather of training these artificial intelligences to handle a wide range of possible scenarios while framing and securing the use cases that could result from malicious computer hacking.

Ensuring a secure web environment requires a multi-layered approach that goes beyond safeguarding the AI models themselves. Equal vigilance must be applied at the integration points, where we erect robust firewalls and implement stringent access controls. These protective measures aim to prevent artificial intelligence from inadvertently or maliciously gaining entry to sensitive resources or confidential information that could compromise the safety and well-being of individuals, imperil organizations, or even threaten the integrity of the entire system.

Thus, emerging risks, such as jailbreaking, aimed at deceiving an artificial intelligence devoid of physical senses such as sight, hearing, and spatial awareness, allowing the authentication of a person, a company, or a system, will have to be compensated by other supervision and protection mechanisms.

It is on this note that this article concludes. We are living in an era of transition rich in exciting developments, and it will be up to you to build the Internet of tomorrow: the Augmented Internet.

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Categories
Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT GPT3 GPT4 IT Architecture IT Engineering

API Hero 🤖” – The #GPT That Codes the API for You 🙌

APIs are key to scaling your #business within the global ecosystem. Moreover, your API is a fundamental building block for augmenting universally accessible #AI services, like ChatGPT.

Building an #API, however, can be daunting for non-IT individuals and junior engineers, as it involves complex concepts like API schema, selecting libraries, defining endpoints, and implementing authentication, among others.
On the other hand, for an expert backend #engineer, constructing your fiftieth API may feel repetitive.

That’s where “API Hero” comes in, specifically designed to address these challenges.

Consider an API for managing an “#Agile Planning Poker”. Given a list of functions in plain English, such as “Create Planning Poker”, “Add Participants”, “Estimate User Story”, etc., (including AI-suggested ones), the GPT will generate:

  1. The public interface of the API (for engineers, this corresponds to the OpenAPI/Swagger spec).
  2. #Code in the chosen #programming language, with a focus on modularity and GIT-friendly project structure.
  3. Features like API security, configuration management, and log management.
  4. An option to download the complete code package (no more copy-pasting needed 💪).

And there’s more!

Search for “API Hero 🤖| AMASE.io” on #ChatGPT’s GPT store. Give it a try and send your feedback for further improvement.

By the way:

  1. Currently, GPTs are accessible only to ChatGPT Plus users.
  2. If you want to know more about the decisive nature of API for your business, check my article/podcast “Why API are Fundamental to your Business”.

Link to the GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-a5yLRJA1J-api-hero-amase-io

🫡

Categories
Technology Artificial Intelligence Automation Autonomous Agents ChatGPT GPT4 Information Technology IT Architecture IT Engineering Robots Testing

Navigating the Future with Generative AI: Part 2, Prompt Over Code – The New Face of Coding

In this installment of the Generative AI series, we delve into the concept of “Prompt as new Source Code”. The ongoing revolution of generative AI allows one to amplify one’s task productivity by up to 30 times, depending on the nature of the tasks at hand. This transformation allows me to turn my design into code, eliminating almost the need for manual coding. The time spent typing, correcting typos, optimizing algorithms, and searching Stack Overflow to decipher perplexing errors, structuring the code hierarchy, and bypassing class deprecation among other tasks, are now compressed into one. This minimization of effort provides me with recurrent morale boosts, as I achieve significantly more in less time and more frequently; these instances are micro-productivity periods. To put it in perspective, I can simply think about it during the day, and have a series of conversations with my assistant while I commute. My assistant is always available. In addition, I gain focus time.

I don’t need to wait for a team to prove my concept. Furthermore, in my founder role, I have fewer occasions to write extensive requirement documents than I would when outsourcing developments during periods of parallelization. I just need to specify the guidelines once, and the AI works out the rest for me. Leveraging the  AMASE methodology to fine-tune my AI assistant epitomizes the return on investment of my expertise. Similarly, your expertise, paired with AI, becomes a powerful asset, exponentially amplifying the return on your efforts.

Today, information technology engineering is going through a quantum leap. We will explore how structured coding is being replaced by natural language. We refer to this as prompting, which essentially denotes “well-architected and elaborated thoughts”. Prompting, so to speak, is the crystallization of something that aims to minimize the loss of information and cast-out interpretation. In this vein, “What You Read is What You Thought” becomes a tangible reality.

The Unconventional Coding Experience with AI

Although the development cycle typically commences with the design phase, this aspect will not be discussed in this article. Our focus will be directed towards the coding phase instead.

The development cycle with AI is slightly different; it resembles pair programming. Programming typically involves cycles of coding and reviews, where the code is gradually improved with each iteration. An artificial intelligence model becomes your coding partner, able to code 95% of your ideas.

In essence, AI acts as a coach and a typewriter, an expert programmer with production-level knowledge of engineering. The question may arise: “Could the AI replace me completely? What is my added value as a human?”

Forming NanoTeams: Your AI Squad Awaits

My experience leads me to conclude that working with AI is akin to integrating a new teammate. This teammate will follow your instructions exactly, so clarity is essential. If you want feedback or improvements in areas like internal security or design patterns, you must communicate these desires and potentially teach the AI how to execute them.

You will need to learn to command your digital teammate.

Each AI model operates in a distinct yet somewhat similar fashion when it comes to command execution. For instance, leveraging ChatGPT to its fullest potential can be achieved through impersonations, custom instructions, and plugins. On the other hand, Midjourney excels when engaged with a moderate level of descriptiveness and a good understanding of parameter tweaking.

A New Abstraction Layer Above Coding

What exactly is coding? In essence, coding is the act of instructing a machine to perform tasks exactly as directed. The way we’ve built programming languages is to ensure they are idempotent, repeatable, reliable, and predictable. Ultimately, coding is translated into machine language, creating a version that closely resembles human language. This is evident in modern languages like TypeScript, C#, Python, and Kotlin, where instructions or controlling statements are written in plain English, such as “for each”, “while”, “switch”, etc.

With the advent of AI, we can now streamline the stage of translating our requirements into an algorithm, and then into programming code, including structuring what will ultimately be compiled to run the program. Traditionally, we organize files to ensure the code is maintainable by a human. But what if humans no longer needed to interact with the code? What if, with each iteration, AI is the one updating the code? Do we still need to organize the code in an opinionated manner, akin to a book’s table of contents, for maintainability? Or do we merely need the code to be correctly documented for human understanding, enabling engineers to update it without causing any disruptions? Indeed, AI can also fortify the code and certify it using test cases automatically, ensuring the code does not contain regressions and complies with the requirements and expected outcomes.

To expand on this, AI can generate tests, whether they be unit tests, functional tests, or performance tests. It can also create documentation, system design assets, and infrastructure design. Given that it’s all driven by a large language model, we can code the infrastructure and generate code for “Infrastructure as Code“, extending to automated deployment in CI/CD pipelines.

To conclude this paragraph, referring to my first article in the “Generative AI series”, it is apparent that Natural Language Processing is now the new programming language expressed as prompts. The Large Language Model-based generative AI model is the essential piece of software for elaborating, structuring, and completing the input text into code that can be understood both by human engineers and digital engineers.

The New Coding Paradigm

This fresh paradigm shift heralds the advent of a new form of coding—augmented coding. Augmented coding diminishes the necessity of writing code using third and fourth-generation languages, effectively condensing two activities into one.

In this scenario, the engineer seldom intervenes in the code. There may be instances where the AI generates obsolete or buggy code, but these can often be rectified promptly in the subsequent iteration.

We currently operate in an explicit coding environment, where the input code yields the visible result on the output—this is known as Input/Output coding.

The profound shift in mindset now is that the output defines the input code. To elucidate, we first articulate how the system should behave, its structure, and the rules it must adhere to. Essentially, AI has catapulted engineers across an innovation chasm, ushering in the era of Output/Input coding.

Embracing Augmented Coding: A Shift in Engineering Dynamics

The advent of augmented coding ushers in a new workflow, enhancing the synergy between engineers and AI. Below are the core aspects of this transformation:

  1. Idea Expression: The augmented engineer is impelled to express ideas and goals to achieve.
  2. Requirement Listing: The engineer lists the requirements.
  3. Requirement Clarification: Clarify the requirements with AI.
  4. Architecture Decisions: Express the architecture decisions (including technology to use, security compliance, information risk compliance, regulatory technical standards compliance, etc.) independently, and utilize AI to select new ones.
  5. Coding Guidelines: Declare the coding guidelines independently and sometimes consult the AI.
  6. Business Logic: Define the business logic in the form of algorithms to code.
  7. Code Validation: Run the code to validate it works as intended. This becomes the first order of acceptance tests.
  8. Code Review: assess the code to ensure it complies with the engineering guidelines adopted by the company.
  9. Synthetic Data Generation: Use AI to generate data sets that are functionally relevant for a given scenario and a persona.
  10. Mockup-API Generation: Employ AI to generate API stubs that are nearly functionally complete before their full implementation.
  11. Test Scenario Listing: Design the different test scenarios, then consult stakeholders to gather feedback and review their completeness.
  12. Test Case Generation: Make AI to generate the code of test cases. The same technique applies to security tests and performance tests.

AI can even operate in an autonomous mode to perform a part of the acceptance tests, but human intervention is mandatory at certain junctures. It’s crucial to bridge results with expectations.

Hence, when uncertainties arise, increasing the level of testing is prudent, akin to taking accountability upon acceptance tests to ensure the delivered work aligns with the expected level of compliance regarding the requirements.

Non-Negotiable Expectations

In the realm of critical business rules and non-functional requirements such as security, availability, accessibility, and compliance by design, these aspects are often considered second-class citizen features. Now that AI in coding facilitates the choice, these features can simply be activated by including them in your prompts to free you up more time to rigorously test their efficiency.

Certain requirements are tethered to industry rules and standards, indispensable for ensuring individual or collective safety in sectors like healthcare, aviation, automotive, or banking. The aim is not merely to test but to substantiate consistent performance. This underscores the need for a new breed of capabilities: Explainable AI and Verifiable AI. Reproducibility and consistency are imperative. However, in a system that evolves, attaining these might be challenging. Hence, in both traditional coding and a-coding, establishing a compliance control framework is essential to validate the system’s functionality against expected benchmarks.

To ease the process for you and your teams, consider breaking down the work into smaller, manageable chunks to expedite delivery—a practice akin to slicing a cake into easily consumable pieces to avoid indigestion. Herein, the role of an Architect remains crucial.

Yet, I ponder how long it will be before AI starts shouldering a significant portion of the tasks typically handled by an Architect.

Ultimately, the onus is on you to ensure everything is in order. At the end of the day, AI serves as a collaborative teammate, not a replacement.

Is AI Coding the Future of Coding?

The maxim “And is greater than or” resonates well when reflecting on the exponential growth of generative AI models, the burgeoning number of published research papers, and the observed productivity advantages over traditional coding. I discern that augmented coding is destined to be a predominant facet in the future landscape of information technology engineering.

Large Language Models, also known as LLMs, are already heralding a modern rendition of coding. The integration of AI in platforms like Android Studio or GitHub Copilot exemplifies this shift. Coding is now turbocharged, akin to transitioning from a conventional bicycle to an electric-powered one.

However, the realm of generative AI exhibits a limitation when it comes to pure invention. The term ‘invention’ here excludes ideas birthed from novel combinations of existing concepts. I am alluding to the genesis of truly nonexistent notions. It’s in this space that engineers are anticipated to contribute new code, for instance, in crafting new drivers for emerging hardware or devising new programming languages (likely domain-specific languages).

Furthermore, the quality of the generated code is often tethered to the richness of the training dataset. For instance, SwiftUI or Rust coding may encounter challenges owing to the scarcity of material on StackOverflow and the nascent stage of these languages. LLMs could be stymied by the evolution of code, like the introduction of new keywords in a programming language.

Nonetheless, if it can be written, it can be taught, and hence, it can be generated. A remedy to this quandary is to upload the latest changes in a prompt or a file, as exemplified by platforms like claude.ai and GPT Code Interpreter. Voilà, you’ve just upgraded your AI code assistant.

Lastly, the joy of coding—its essence as a form of creative expression—is something that resonates with many. The allure of competitive coding also hints at an exciting facet of the future.

Short-Term Transition: Embracing the Balance of Hybrid A-Coding

The initial step involves exploring and then embracing Generative AI embedded within your Integrated Development Environment (IDE). These tools serve as immediate and obvious accelerators, surpassing the capabilities of features like Intellisense. However, adapting to the proactive code generation while you type, whether it’s function implementation, loops, or SQL code, can hasten both typing and logic formulation.

Before the advent of ChatGPT or GPT-4, I used Tabnine, whose free version was astonishingly effective, adding value to daily coding routines. Now, we have options like GitHub Copilot or StableCode. Google took a clever step by directly embedding the AI model into the Android Studio Editor for Android app development. I invite you to delve into Studio Bot for more details on this integration.

Beware of Caveats During Your Short-Term Transition to Generative AI

Token Limits

Presently, coding with AI comes with limitations due to the number of input/output token generation. A token is essentially a chunk of text—either a whole word or a fragment—that the AI model can understand and analyze. This process, known as tokenization, varies between different AI models.

I view this limitation as temporary. Papers are emerging that push the token count to 1M tokens (see Scaling Transformer to 1M tokens and beyond with RMT). For instance, Claude.ai, by Anthropic, can handle 100k tokens. Fancy generating a full application documentation in one go?

Model Obsolescence

Another concern is the inherent obsolescence of the older data on which these models are trained. For example, OpenAI’s models use data up to 2022, rendering any development post that date unknown to the AI. You can mitigate this limitation by providing recent context or extending the AI model through fine-tuning.

Source Code Structure

Furthermore, Generative AI models do not directly consider folder structures, which are foundational to any coding project.

Imagine, as an engineer, interacting with a chatbot crafted for coding, where natural language could reference any file in your project. You code from a high-level perspective, while the AI handles your GIT commands, manages your gitignore file, and more.

Aider exemplifies this type of Gen AI application, serving as an ergonomic overlay in your development environment. Instead of coding in JavaScript, HTML, and CSS with React components served by a Python API using WebSocket, you simply instruct Aider to create or edit the source code with functional instructions in natural language. It takes care of the rest, considering the multiple structures and the GIT environment. This developer experience is profoundly familiar to engineers. The leverage of a Command Line Interface – or CLI, amplifies your capabilities tenfold.

Intellectual Property Concerns

Lastly, the risk of intellectual property loss and code leakage looms, especially when your code is shared with an “AI Model as a Service”, particularly if the system employs Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). Companies like OpenAI are transparent about usage and how it serves in enhancing models or crafting custom models (e.g. InstructGPT). Therefore, AI Coding Models should also undergo risk assessments.

The Next Frontier: Codeless AI and the Emergence of Autonomous Agents

Names like GPT Engineer, AutoGPT, BabyAGI, and MetaGPT herald a new branch in augmented coding: the era of auto-coding.

These agents require only a minimal set of requirements and autonomously devise a plan along with a coding strategy to achieve your goal. They emulate human intelligence, either possessing the know-how or seeking necessary information online from official data sources, libraries to import, methods, and so on.

However, unless the task is relatively simple, these agents often falter on complex projects. Despite this, they already show significant promise.

They paint a picture of a future where, for a large part of our existing activities, coding may no longer be a necessity.

Hence, the prompt is the new code

If the code can be generated based on highly specific and clear specifications, then the next logical step is to consider your prompt as your new source code.

It means you can start storing your specifications instructions, expressed as prompt, then store the prompt in GIT.

CD/CC with Adversarial AI Agent
Continuous Development/Continuous Certification (CD/CC) with Adversarial AI Agent

Suddenly, Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) becomes Continuous Development/Continuous Certification (CD/CC), where the prompt enables the development of working pieces of software, which will be continuously certified by a testing agent working in adversarial mode: you continuously prove that it works as intended.

The good thing is that benefits stack up: the human specify, the AI code/deploy and the AI certify, to finish with the human using the results of the materialization of its thoughts. Finally, the AI learns along with human usage. We close the loop.

Integrating New Technology into Traditional Operating Models

AI introduces a seamless augmentation, employing the most natural form of communication—natural language, encompassing the most popular languages on Earth. It stands as the first-of-its-kind metamorphic software building block.

However, the operating model with AI isn’t novel. A generative AI model acts as an assistant, akin to a new hire, fitting seamlessly into an existing team. The workflow initiates with a stakeholder providing business requirements, while you, the lead engineer, guide the assistant engineer (i.e. your AI model) to execute the development at a rapid pace.

Alternatively, a suite of AI interactions, with the AI assuming various roles, like dev engineer, ops engineer, functional analyst, etc. can form your team. This interaction model entails externalizing the development service from the IT organization. Here, stakeholders still liaise through you, as lead engineer or architect, but you refine the specifications to the level of a fixed-price project. Once finalized, the development is entirely handed over to an autonomous agent. This scenario aligns with insourcing when the AI model is in-house, or outsourcing if the AI model is sourced as a Service, with the GPT-4 API evolving into a development service from a Third-Party Provider like OpenAI.

AI infuses innovation into a traditional model, offering stellar cost efficiency. Currently, OpenAI’s pricing for GPT-4 stands at $0.06 per 1000 input tokens and $0.12 per 1000 output tokens. Just considering code generation (excluding shifting deadlines, staffing activities, team communication, writing tasks, etc.), for 100,000 lines of code with an average of 100 tokens per line (which is extensive for standard leet code), the cost calculation is straightforward:

100,000 × 100 = 10,000,000 tokens; (10,000,000 tokens × $0.12) ÷ 1000 = $1,200. This cost equates to a mere two days of development at standard rates.

For perspective, Minecraft comprises approximately 600,000 lines of Java code. Theoretically, you could generate a Minecraft-like project for less than $10,000, including the costs of input tokens.

However, this logic is simplistic. In reality, autonomous agents undergo several iterations and corrections before devising a plan and rectifying numerous errors. The quality of your requirements directly impacts the accuracy of the generated code. Hence, mastering the art of precise and unambiguous descriptive writing becomes an indispensable skill in this new realm.

Wrap up

Now, you stand on the precipice of a new coding paradigm where design, algorithms, and prompting become your tools of creation, shaping a future yet to be fully understood…

This transformation sparks profound questions: How will generative AI and autonomous agents reshape the job market? Will educational institutions adapt to this augmented coding era? Is there a risk of losing the depth of engineering expertise we once relied upon?

And as we move forward, we can only wonder when quantum computing will introduce an era of instantaneous production, where words will have the power to change the world in real time.

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Categories
Strategy Architecture Artificial Intelligence Blockchain Business Business Strategy Enterprise Architecture Organization Architecture Technology Technology Strategy

Architecting the Future: How RePEL Counters VUCA for Modern Enterprises

I was first introduced to the term VUCA by my ex-colleague, Julian TROIAN, a leader in coaching who steers the talent management practice. This revelation came during a particularly challenging phase for us, mirroring the struggles of many other companies. We found ourselves navigating the intricacies of the COVID lockdown while simultaneously undergoing a significant shift in the corporate way of working. Our project portfolio was expanding, driven by the rapid pace of transformations, and we felt the weight of increasing regulatory pressures. But we recognized that these challenges were not ours alone. Then, significant disturbances emerged: the Eastern Europe conflict and a surge in inflation, to name a few.

Moreover, the world stood on the brink of simultaneous technological revolutions. Innovations like blockchain and the nascent promise of the metaverse hinted at new horizons. Yet, it was the seismic shifts brought on by Generative Artificial Intelligence that seemed most profound.

VUCA is an acronym encapsulating the themes of vulnerability, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Herbert Barber coined the term in 1992 based on the book “Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge”. I believe many can relate to these elements, sensing their presence in both professional settings—perhaps during office hours—and in personal moments with family.

Life, in its essence, might be described by this very term. We all traverse peaks and lows, facing situations of heightened complexity or vulnerability. The challenge is not just to navigate these periods but to foster strength and ingenuity, arming ourselves for future obstacles.

I consider myself fortunate to have garnered knowledge in enterprise architecture—a domain that inherently equips any organization, product, or service with resilience, making adaptability part of its very DNA.

In the subsequent sections, I explore strategies for developing VUCA antibodies.

From Vulnerability to Resilience: Building an Unshakable Future

Rather than getting bogged down by vulnerabilities, it’s about harnessing resilience. Robustness is the key to building thick layers of protection, ensuring longevity in our ventures. By deliberately creating anti-fragile mechanisms, we’re better prepared for tough times. This resilience doesn’t just happen; it’s constructed. Architects weave it into their designs across various realms:

  • Information Systems: These are designed to be failure resistant. Potential mistakes and erratic behaviors are predicted and integrated into the system as possible anomalies. In such events, responsible teams must give clear procedures to users, operators, and administrators to restore the system to its standard operational mode.
  • Data Management: From acquisition and processing to analytics and visualization, there’s complete control over the data flowing into the system. This range from a service request made over the phone, a command initiated by an AI, or even a tweet that prompts the system to respond.
  • Security: Safeguarding the system against potential hacks is crucial. Additionally, it’s vital to design the system in a way that vulnerabilities don’t open doors for intrusions. Depending on the chosen architectural delivery method, this can be addressed proactively or reactively.
  • Infrastructure: The foundational physical infrastructure, tailored to the system’s needs, must be aptly dimensioned. At times, specialized hardware like GPU-driven servers, or programmable network devices might be essential to cater to particular needs during both the development and operational phases.
  • Organization: People, integral to the corporate ecosystem, influence the system’s effectiveness. Their actions and behaviors enhance system efficiency, especially when elements like trust, making amends for failures, regular maintenance, and adaptability to change are activated.

All these aspects aren’t mere byproducts; they’re deliberately designed system features.

From Uncertainty to Probable Planning: Navigating with Confidence Through Uncertain Waters

Predicting the future is beyond anyone’s capability, but architects can narrow down scenarios to the most probable outcomes. Through modeling techniques like system design, trend analysis, scenario planning, and causal loops, they can forecast with a higher degree of accuracy. However, the planning phase isn’t without challenges:

  • Resources: There are times when constraints in time, finances, skills, and materials can make a proposed solution unfeasible. Recognizing this early on is vital.
  • Leadership: A wavering decision-maker, filled with doubt, can be a significant impediment. This is a leadership challenge that needs addressing at the top. In such a situation, the architect must highlight the unstable matter with benevolence and candor.
  • Team: The implementation is only as good as the team behind it. If team members don’t possess the necessary skills or their abilities don’t align with the mission’s complexity, especially when executing multiple plans simultaneously, it will compromise the execution of the plan.
  • Expertise: last but not least, the architect’s seniority and the time allocated to address your transformation’s VUCA elements also play a critical role.

From Complexity to Engineering: A Blueprint for Simplification

Sometimes, complexity arises from perception, misunderstanding, or underestimating a situation – often, it’s a mix of these elements.

Imagine you have three wooden chairs, and you wish to create a sofa. Is it even possible? Fortunately, Ikea offers a DIY toolbox that can help you realize this vision. When you describe your idea to the store specialist, she confidently directs you to aisles A8 to C12 for the necessary components. At first, you feel relief. But soon, doubts about your abilities confront you. Even with your experience in crafting wooden furniture, you’re unsure about the mechanisms you’ll need, the type of finish to choose, the tools required for precise cuts, and the best materials for durability. Are these materials environmentally friendly? This confusion and uncertainty are akin to experiencing VUCA.

The architect’s role is to first understand the complexity, determine the facts, and uncover what’s unknown, converting it to known information. Then, the challenge or problem is segmented into manageable pieces. I refer to this process as “Undesign.” The goal of undesigning is to get a clear and detailed view of the end goal by atomizing the current state, structure, and behavior. This is achieved through methods like decomposition, deconstruction, alternate system modeling, and sometimes reverse engineering. Subsequently, the architect uncovers a path to transform and assemble these components.

The essence of engineering is to assemble these components using identifiable, simple building blocks. These blocks are selected, modified, added, and connected in a logical order, ensuring the right materials, technologies, and tools are used. People with the right skills can then efficiently bring the project to life, ensuring it’s as seamless and enjoyable as possible. Even the user’s psychological experience matters!

In summary, what seems intricate and complex can be distilled into simpler, manageable parts.

From Ambiguity to Lucidity: Transitioning from Wishful Thinking to Tangible Outcomes

Architects don’t just exist in the present; they shape the future. Their responsibilities lie in meticulously designing and planning changes that will inevitably impact an organization’s products or services. Any vision, no matter how abstract, becomes initially tangible through their work. They ensure this by providing explicit construction instructions, detailed models of the final product, and ensuring the requisite resources and skills are in place. By doing so, architects play a pivotal role in turning ambiguity into precision.

Moreover, it’s the architect’s responsibility to align ambitions with the resources available, ensuring that goals are realistically achievable.

In wrapping up, VUCA can be perceived as a daunting challenge. But, with the right leaders onboard, RePEL becomes a natural response to unfriendly environments and stressful times. They hold the key to transforming volatile situations into clear, well-defined future pathways, keeping the enterprise entropy under control.

Categories
Technology Business Career Information Technology IT Architecture Self development

What roles exist in IT for software developers to pursue after they are tired of coding?

There are many job careers to “step up” or “side step” from IT Dev Engineer. The following introduces 14 jobs to which you can start planning your next career move.

Technology Consulting

Join an ICT consulting company to provide technology consulting. The goal is to specialize in a dedicated technology or focus your attention on a specific technology stack. You are selling your expertise, methods, and best practices.

Thus, your activities will mainly be: installation, configuration, integration, performance tuning, security hardening, and guidance. For example, ELK Stack specialist, Neo4J expert, Microsoft Azure Cloud champion, etc.

Project Manager

Your expertise will be mainly focused on planning, coordination, communication, and budget management. Your experience in IT will also help you to identify pitfalls and manage delivery and expectations. You could also be specialized in Agile Delivery and get a Scrum Master certification.

In addition, you will develop financial acumen. Keeping spending in check is an important part of project management. Decisions, such as hiring contractors, conducting RFP, and cloud service consumption optimization, have an impact on the overall project investment.

Business Analyst

You will focus on your functional expertise in the frame of an industry vertical, such as Banking, Healthcare, or Food services, to provide an in-depth analysis of functional and non-functional requirements.

Then, leverage your IT experience to increase the feasibility of the solutions.

Your knowledge spreads over the spectrum of:

  • Contribute to project activities
  • Acquiring the voice of customers
  • Provide thought insights on product feature prioritization
  • Discover new business trends
  • Provide expert-level internal support and customer support.

Architect

You have a different flavor of architect roles here. To name a few, Software Architects, Infrastructure Architects, or Solution architects will move into the realm of architectural design and increase the scope of your actions and the weight of your decisions.

The end goal is to continuously deliver high-level plans and detailed plans that have been worked out with product managers, business analysts, IT engineers, etc. so that product implementations fit completely to expectations given the resources and constraints.

Ops Engineer

As a side step, you can focus on other IT jobs such as Ops Engineer, or specialized System Administrators (Sys Admin), where you will focus more on platform automation, reliability, and observability. There is more configuration, administration, forensics, and less coding.

But you will still code. Shell (Bash, Powershell, etc.) and scripting will be your best friends!

You will abide by the good practices of Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) and ITIL governance, most specifically within Change Management, Incident Management, and Problem Management.

Test Engineer

If your mind is more driven by probing things and ultimately driven by quality, this job is for you.

Test engineers focus on elements that are not in line with requirements and the expected “correct” behavior. In addition, they will bend the product until it breaks.

It is all about detecting as early as possible the elements that will go against the fulfillment of the functionality, or hamper the user’s experience. It is a continuous practice as each change has the potential of breaking working features.

They are highly useful advisors as they guide you in the right choice, and the valuable tradeoffs, as IT delivery is often about the decisions between quality, timing, and costs.

Security Engineer

It takes another way of thinking, almost reversing the IT developers’ mindset. As a security engineer, you work in the realm of “what if” and “be ready when”.

It is about playing defensive, thinking in terms of security zones, trust limits, sometime in trustless systems (Zero Trust Architecture), and managing identity and access rights.

The ultimate purpose is to erect an unshakable foundation because a crack in your fortress will be undoubtedly disastrous.

Like Tower Defense games, it is a fun job, and Cybersecurity jobs are in high demand.

UX Designer

If you are sensitive to ergonomics, aesthetics, and customer behavior, and you are already acquainted with frontend development, a jump to UX design, and regularly extended to UX/UI design.

UX, as User Experience, focuses on the events leading to the experience, the beginning of the experience, the path the user walks, and the end of the journey.

UX designers will focus on making the moment “enjoyable”, “frictionless”, and sometimes, “memorable”. Hence, the user’s feelings will be considered a critical piece of data during the design exercise.

Alternatively, the UI (User Interface) Design concentrates on the aesthetics, the action of polishing, turning something common into a unique piece that links to brand identity. Masters in this area are considered digital artists.

IT Manager

Then, if you feel the need to lead, coach, mentor, organize, and decide about the next step: walk the path of the IT Manager.

First and foremost, understand that it is primarily about the people as your job continuously focuses on ensuring your colleagues are in the optimal state for fulfilling their job in the most enjoyable way possible, moving away obstacles, and sources of confusion or disorganization.

Start with learning how to manage a team, a small one (1 to 3) to start with. It takes a different kind of skill set for managing people. It is not because you are a sound engineer that you will be a good people management.

Finally, management truly shines when you learn how to be a leader, and even more when you teach leadership.

Data Management Expert

In this case, it is all about the data. Designing Data models, managing existing data (consistency, integrity, etc), releasing new schema, improving query performances, patching data, performing data migrations, managing reference data, etc.

You will perform a lot of data analysis and forensics. Mastery of the meaning will be key and you are highly valuable to your company / to the industry for these skills.

Data Scientist

Your sole purpose is to find gold in your data, hence your job is to be a researcher using advanced tools such as statistics, graph visualizations, machine learning, deep learning, etc.

This job is perfect for explorers and pioneers. You will navigate the sea of data (Data warehouses, Data Lake, Data Mart, etc.) often to seek an answer to a question, or in pursuit of pieces of information unseen before.

You will find correlations, clean the data, aggregate them, practice feature engineering, create models, and, to some extent, reuse or create new A.I. architecture.

The point is that you must be good with data and maths, especially statistics. There is much less coding, yet most libraries such as Pytorch, Tensorflow, and Brain.js are built upon Python, JavaScript, and R. Coding is more of a tool in this case.

IT Risk Engineer

This discipline consists in transforming the organization by incorporating risk elements inherent to bad practice and non-compliance to industry standards (HIPAA, ISO 9001, BIAN, …), regulated framework (GDPR, NIS, …), practice standards (ITIL, COBIT, …), and corporate standards.

As an IT Risk engineer, your activities are:

  • Designing and enriching the risk management methodology
  • Running day-to-day operations, controls, and governance to ensure the enterprise stays in adequation with compliance.
  • Coding IT programs that guarantee automatic compliance by design.
  • Actively mentoring other colleagues in developing risk awareness

Typically, IT risk elements are subject to compliance checks run in the scope of audits.

IT Auditor

IT Auditors are the ones verifying compliance with standards and regulations. You can work as an internal auditor or an external (independent) auditor.

You will work within a control framework and an IT auditing methodology to highlight compliance findings and gaps with respect to a standard or a regulation.

For the latter, you will likely represent a body of regulation or a body of certification. Either way, you will more often find a job in the top tiers consulting firms, such as EY, BCG, Infosys, Cap Gemini, or large companies that are either mandated by the regulator to have an internal audit organization, such as in Banking.

Technical Writer

Technical writers are experts in writing professional documentation. Your purpose is to engineer documentation in such a way that it will holistically be understood by a specific audience, could it be an end user, an administrator, or a developer.

You structure your documentation so that its information architecture is easily grasped by the reader. In addition, the progression is engineered in such a way that the reader will learn throughout its journey what concepts mean, how they are related to each other, and how to repeat tasks to become autonomous.

A technical writer deeply understands that documentation is part of “the product definition”, therefore it must be polished, finished, visually designed, and user-focused.

Typically, the best documentation promoted by the best ICT companies is written by these experts. They work with Content Management Systems, proof-writing systems, templates, reader-friendly fonts, and rich illustrations, within the consistency of a design system created by a UX/UI Designer.

🫡

Categories
Artificial Intelligence Design GPT3 Illustration Information Technology UI Architecture

Taddy & Rapty, a friendship in 68 artistic styles, using AI

Goal

The following web story depicts a series of 68 similar pictures, generated by the artificial intelligence Dall-E 2.

Each of these pictures is drawn in a unique artistic style.

The intent is to test the depth and the “creativity” resulting from prompt engineering.

The prompt used is:

“A Teddy bear doing a high five with a velociraptor, <name of artistic style>”.

Downloadable resources

The pictures and the list of artistic styles in CSV, JSON, MS Excel, and CQL (Neo4J) are in the following repository on GitHub:

https://github.com/yannickhuchard/artistic_styles

🫡

Categories
Data Architecture Business Business Strategy Data Information Technology Legal Technology Strategy

The European Data Act: actually, can your data become a reliable source of income?

data economy 1

The European Data Act has recently been published.

It aims at clarifying and strengthening the governing framework of the #dataeconomy.

In the nutshell (extract):

“The Data Act will give both individuals and businesses more control over their data through a reinforced data portability right, copying or transferring data easily from across different services, where the data are generated through smart objects, machines, and devices.”

For example, a car or machinery owner could choose to share data generated by their use with its insurance company.

Such data, aggregated from multiple users, could also help to develop or improve other digital services, e.g. regarding traffic, or areas at high risk of accidents.”

Some thoughts on this

1️⃣ I wonder to what extent the boundaries of your data ownership can be explicitly defined, then transparently coded in IT systems, so that a “data asset” is legally bound to you as your property.

2️⃣ After this, you could ask Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok to share a piece of the cake: % of the revenue generated from your data.
Let’s face it, it looks like a game-changer, if it can really be implemented.

3️⃣ Ultimately, you can capitalize on GPDR architecture. It pushes the concepts of data ownership, consent management, data counters, data KPI, data censorship management, IAM, data expiry management, etc.

4️⃣ Beyond multicloud oversight solutions, this is an excellent use case for permissioned blockchain, like Hyperledger Fabric. (e.g. Infrachain )

5️⃣ Innovative business models to arise like “Mutual Data Funds”, or Open Data Lakes”, where a set of businesses or individuals would provide a set of qualified and certified data sources to act as “Value Added Data Sources”, something similar to Bloomberg or Reuters for financial News.

Also, these Mutual Data Pools are fitted to be plugged as Oracles in blockchains (#ethereum#chainlink#binance, etc.)

I can already envision the pitch of startups like “We are the Bloomberg of space mining Data” (which would be awesome by the way👍)

6️⃣ This could boost the API economy. But also push further the adoption of GraphQL and AsyncAPI standards.

7️⃣ I reckon open industry data models are a much better way to start. It would help regulators (e.g. Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) , CNPD – Commission nationale pour la protection des données , CNIL – Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés), auditors and regtech (e.g. Scorechain ) to have a common ground to build their control frameworks and oversight infrastructure.
Now, it is time to stitch them together.

Links

Categories
Architecture Business Data Architecture Enterprise Architecture Information Technology IT Architecture Organization Architecture Technology UI Architecture

“Leading you to the best decisions” - A story about the unimaginable benefits of Architecture in Businesses

Green arrows that illustrate the theme "Leading you to the best decisions"

I am amazed by the sparkling eyes of someone discovering what he or she can achieve with Enterprise Architecture and IT Architecture. 

This wonderful effect usually starts with a casual conversation, like one of those happening when you meet someone for the first time at an event exposing the disruptive changes in your industries.

I had that conversation the other day.

Coming out of the main conference room, I was thirsty, so I walked in the direction of the bar. New beverages? Of course, count me in. The drink is unusually green. Same colors as one of those “Diabolo-Menthe” I had in my childhood in Paris. But this glass is foggy. While I am looking at the recipient trying to guess what that magic potion is made of, the bartender is observing me. During this moment of hesitation, he said: “It’s coming from Japan. You are going to like it”. Despite his confidence, he did not convince me. How could he know my tastes anyway? Nevertheless, I drank the mysterious beverage, and, oh boy, he was right. The — whatever the name — was delicious.

Someone next to me was trying a foggy red elixir. When she caught the surprise on my face, she engaged in the conversation.

I answered politely, and introduce myself.

“Nice to meet you. My name is Yannick. Chief Architect at ING”. I shake her hand and I follow up with: “We are experiencing interesting changes, indeed. For the better, I believe.”

“Ah, so you are in real estate construction? Very nice! the industry is flourishing, you must be a happy man!”

“I’m in construction indeed. However, I build businesses, not buildings.”
 
She pauses for a few seconds. “What do you mean? Are you not managing your own architecture firm?”

“Not a firm, but an Enterprise Architecture department in one of the largest financial technology groups on earth. Still, it feels the same as running your own business. The expertise of my team consists of methodically designing and planning the development of products, services, or even the entire lines of business, in the most optimal and sustainable way possible. Whatever we provide fits the customer’s needs, and is made according to its finance, timing, opportunities, technologies, regulatory scope, etc. We consider all aspects. Basically, no matter the complexity, we have a solution for you.”

“Ah, interesting! I didn’t know such a job even existed. And by “all aspects”, you mean…?” 

“Let’s say you’ve come up with a brilliant idea to differentiate yourself by proposing a new product line or rethinking your services. Using an Architecture construction method for businesses, I will first guide you in defining and detailing your requirements and the goals you want to achieve. Quite often, what you think you want is not what you need.

Second, I’ll ask you questions to discover requirements, including some you have not thought about in the first place, and some you wouldn’t believe it is important to care about them.

Third, we will list your constraints and spot the legal framework you must comply with. Moreover, I’ll check with you what you expect as an outcome given your budget and resources. The purpose is to demystify beliefs from the start, then, I will share with you what it takes to get what you want. Indeed, this practice is similar to the building industry, there are rules you have to follow, like environmental guidelines, materials used, construction permits, etc.” 
 
“Ok, I’m starting to get it now. Tell me more.” 
 
“Sure. 
After having completed the aforementioned activities, the Architect does the first design. It is a sketch of the solution to meet your expectations. The purpose is to assess the impacts, but also to make the product more visual and tangible. It is followed by some research to identify the components that can match your needs, in the best ways possible. I said “ways”, with an S, because what matters are the choices YOU make along the way. It all comes down to giving you alternatives to preserve your freedom of choice. 

Ultimately, the architect will lead you to the best decisions

In this design phase, they are several workshops, discussions, negotiations, and information sessions held to detail the master solution design and to thin out financial analysis. 

From this point, we will initiate together a dossier, based on the agreements and scope of work. This mutual understanding acts as a contract. 

The first phase starts with an order for which the result will be an iterative analysis of your requirements, an architecture blueprint, a construction planning, a quote, from which any partnership with product development companies can manufacture your product and services.”

“This looks like a very fun job, very complex, and demanding. Can you be knowledgeable in all these domains? “

“It depends” — This is the architects’ favorite quote.

“The architect is an expert in, at least, two domains: a business domain and a technological domain. They are PI-shaped. For example, I started my career as a Development Engineer, and evolved as an expert in Information Systems Integration, with a Business specialization in Financial Services and Insurances. 

Additionally, they must know the purpose and the mechanisms of other domains and how they fit together. They grow a System Thinking. For example, a company has a Marketing department, a Finance Department, an IT department, a Sales department, etc. Each of them has a specific reason to exist, and they are made up of a plethora of activities that are fundamental elements of the corporate machine. Before selling, the Marketing intent is to present, demonstrate, attract the customer but also to analyze the potential client while continuing to engage the existing customers. To sell better, IT digitize the sales catalog and specs of the products, while having the CRM available on a mobile app, so that Sales can connect with the prospect anywhere and anytime. 

I could go on, but the point is an architect considers each of these domains, each user interaction, each process, each application, each technology, each data, each skill as a building block that needs to be assembled to meet your needs and comply with the agreed requirements.

It is like getting several boxes of Lego, figuring out what the blocks are relevant, and detailing the instructions to achieve the construction. Therefore, there is no need to be an expert in multiple domains, but you need to appreciate their purpose and understand how an industry works to be relevant to your customers. In practice, we reach experts when needed.” 
 
Humm. It sounds simple to understand yet complex in the execution.” 
 
“You are correct.”

“But how come I didn’t hear about Architects for businesses before? Thinking about it, your job seems necessary from the moment an enterprise reaches a certain size.”

“Perhaps you did, there are more architects than you think. For various historical reasons, Architecture is associated with the Information Technology department. Hence most of the time, people in companies consider us like IT folks doing IT stuff, whereas what we deliver are business and technology strategy, business and engineering analysis, business and engineering design, business and engineering planning, and business and engineering innovations. 

Almost every change and improvement in your value chains need software and hardware. So it does not surprise me, our core skill is engineering. We thrive in manufacturing predictability and precision. 

Nevertheless, I understand totally why people categorize architects exclusively in a technical domain if they are continuously presenting themselves using a single part of their expertise. Sometimes it is comfortable !” 
 
“Maybe. Now that you mention. In general, we discuss with our IT specialists whenever we need to change, create new features, or fix things. We trust them, but sometimes it feels like they over-complexify things.” 

We both joyfully laugh.

“I was just sharing my feeling here. I am nowhere near capable of assessing if they could do faster or better. We know they do their best. Yet, we wish we would have more flexible and more modern IT systems, more automated stuff, and good-looking user interfaces. Well, at least they do work!”
 
“Trust me, this is what matters the most. I have a very simple Architecture motto:

1st it needs to work great all the time,
2nd it must be easy to use, remember, teach, and maintain
3rd it should look awesome.” 

“Amen to that. It makes me wonder, though… If Business and IT people can build things already, why would I need an architect?” 

“Good question. To answer you, I’m going to start with: I prefer you to not need me.” 

“I wasn’t expecting this. I’m confused… And curious!”
 
“I know. Why would you need a civil architect to fix your light bulb, change your kitchen sink, or even change the facade of your building? No, you don’t need one for the activities. You call the electrician, plumber or you do it yourself. You need specialized builders or repair persons. And autonomy is the best for everyone. But if you’re looking for building a new house, extend your house with a new room, or change the location of your bathroom, you might want to call your architect. You can, eventually, do it without one. Though, it is your decision of running the risk to spend more money than expected, to have the construction take more time than expected, to receive something that may not meet your expectations or worse.
The decision is entirely yours.”

“I get your point. So when and where should I get an architect? Do I need a Bat-symbol?”

“For most small changes, you don’t need an architect. Rule of thumb, If the structure does not change, the scale of impact and volume stay similar, you don’t touch your foundation, and you don’t bring any new substantial data or business functions, ask your engineers, or senior business analyst to make the change. But at some point, your companies get big enough that people start losing sight, control, and understanding of how everything comes together. The systems of an enterprise are simply too complex to be dealt with by people busy with specific tasks daily. Furthermore, it is neither their core knowledge nor their core activities. And as if it wasn’t enough, the pace of technological disruptions keeps increasing.

As a rule of thumb, you need an architect when you: 

  • Want something custom 
  • Are dealing with complex programs of work
  • Don’t know where to start 
  • Need to acquire or leverage a piece of technology 
  • Seek guidance to build enterprise functions that are sustainable and scalable 
  • Require to plan an actionable strategy with a good level of accuracy 

Either you want something that everybody can get or you want something custom.”

“Are there different kinds of architects? I mean, we have different kinds of builders like plumbers, carpenters, electricians, etc.”

“Architects are … architects. There are flavors of architects. Let’s say they have specialties. Some of them are experts in the infrastructures, some in the data, others in software, while some focus their expertise on a specific industry. The only thing that matters, from a customer point of view, is that they provide the same service and they work together. 

They have the same fundamental knowledge and way of operating. Architects might differ in their technique though. with the practice of various Architecture methods such as Zachman, TOGAF. Some companies build their own because it fits better with their industry and their organization such as EAgile for ING. Some are more specialized, like my AMASE methodology for startups and innovative organizations.
I could tell you more but I’ll save this for another time.”

“I thank you for these explanations and for your time. To be frank, this is an eye-opener. I need to talk with my executive co-workers.”

“My pleasure, Ms. X. One more thing. Do you know what the origin of the word “Architect” is?”

She looks above like she was looking at the answer deep in her memory. Then a second later, the spark. She said, with the scintillating eyes

“Master Builder!”.


Photo by Frank Busch

Categories
Data Architecture Data Architecture Information Technology Master Data Management

Getting Started with Master Data Management (MDM)

data 1920
Image by Gerd Altmann

The MDM journey should definitely start with an analysis and the identification of the short-term goals you want to achieve. In fact, MDM will be a service for the whole company.

MDM is for:

  • A mall for your most valuable data
  • Contains end-to-end footprints of your business activities
  • An aggregation of rigorously organized data
  • Its scope starts with your core business information
  • Offers data-driven views of your processes that span over multiple lines of business.

You should start your MDM journey by:

  1. Analyze in detail the pros and cons of putting in place MDM. MDM is more about governance as distributed discipline than technology.
  2. Create a core project team that will analyze and defend the establishment of MDM in your company.
  3. Launch an awareness campaign. Then, educate people about the advantages and responsibilities when the business is operated with MDM
  4. Identify which data will be part of the MDM Strategy
  5. Define an Enterprise Data Model (EDM). This is a common catalog so that everybody in the company understands the business terms. Thus, it is also a means for calibrating internal communication. Ultimately, your MDM system is the digital implementation of your EDM
  6. Identify and standardize your Reference Data
  7. Design your Information System Architecture as to which data flows and systems will take part in it.
  8. Choose an MDM system technology. This application will be the core of the MDM execution and operations. Take into account the available skills on the market.
  9. Define your Data Quality Indicators because data quality management is paramount.
  10. Establish the MDM governance processes and roles (data owners and stewardship)
  11. Design your firsts reports and dashboards, then collect feedback about their value. As a result of this, increase the data scope by iteration.
  12. Communicate a LOT the benefits of MDM, to finally advertise the benefits. For instance, those would come from the golden data source, improved data quality, richer dashboards, unlocked analytics insights, etc.

Also, MDM is not a one-time exercise, it is a continuous practice. So make sure there is an organization owning the MDM system and the MDM governance!